The vaginal speculum is probably the instrument most commonly used by gynecologists. Typically a vaginal speculum has two blades which open like a duckbill. Vaginal specula come in many varieties, some highly specialized for certain procedures. The two most common for general use are Graves and Pederson.

Most specula come in various sizes such as extra small, small, medium, large, extra narrow and extra-large. Larger sizes are typically needed because of obesity.